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With research staff from more than 60 countries, and offices across the globe, IFPRI provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries.

researcher spotlight

Carlo Azzarri

Carlo Azzarri is a Senior Research Fellow in the Innovation Policy and Scaling Unit. His work focuses on the relationships among poverty, nutrition, food security, agriculture, the environment, production, and migration—analyzed at both micro and macroeconomic levels, primarily using quantitative methods.

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Since 1975, IFPRI’s research has been informing policies and development programs to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods around the world.

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Where we work

IFPRI currently has more than 600 employees working in over 80 countries with a wide range of local, national, and international partners.

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experts

Communications and Public Affairs (CPA)

Charlotte Hebebrand

Director of Communications and Public Affairs

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ORCiD
Charlotte Hebebrand

Bio

Charlotte Hebebrand is the Director of Communications and Public Affairs. She has extensive experience researching as well as writing and communicating about food and agricultural policy topics.

Charlotte served most recently as Director General of the Paris-based International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), a 500+ member association composed of different companies in the fertilizer value chain and other organizations with an interest in plant nutrition, with some two-thirds of the membership based in emerging and developing economies. During her tenure, she worked to modernize the governance structure of the association, to update the market intelligence and conference offerings, and to strengthen outreach to UN agencies and other international organizations. Working closely with the membership and external stakeholders, she led a strategic review that resulted in a major pivot to sustainability/ESG in IFA’s work program. She was formerly the President of the Washington, DC-based International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council, a membership organization composed of former trade negotiators, academics, and private sector players dedicated to the pursuit of an open and fair trading system for food and agricultural products.

Charlotte began to work on food and agricultural topics at the EU Delegation in Washington, where she held positions in the Development, Trade and Agriculture & Food Safety divisions. Charlotte has served on the board of the International Fertilizer Development Center, on the advisory board of ag tech start-up Phospholutions, on the independent steering committee of the CGIAR’s Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and on DuPont’s Advisory Committee on Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st Century. She holds an MA in International Relations and Economics from the Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies.

Languages spoken: English, German, French, Spanish

Publications

Videos

CV

Publications

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Journal Article

Global shocks to fertilizer markets: Impacts on prices, demand and farm profitability

2025Vos, Rob; Glauber, Joseph W.; Hebebrand, Charlotte; Rice, Brendan
Details

Global shocks to fertilizer markets: Impacts on prices, demand and farm profitability

During 2021–2022, spiking fertilizer prices raised fears that fertilizer application would drop around the world, leading to lower crop production, higher food prices, and greater food insecurity. Even writing mid-2024, a paucity of data impedes a full assessment of how the underlying global market shocks may have affected farmers and food production around the world. Using proxy indicators for fertilizer demand and farm profitability, we find that despite the steep increase in input costs, global demand for fertilizer fell only modestly during the 2022–2023 crop cycle, suggesting many (commercial) farmers were able and willing to absorb increased input costs in the context of generally good harvest prospects and, at the time, high crop prices. However, we also find the fertilizer price spikes have not been felt equally, with many farmers in Africa estimated to have been affected more adversely, even though with varied impacts also amongst those farmers.

Year published

2025

Authors

Vos, Rob; Glauber, Joseph W.; Hebebrand, Charlotte; Rice, Brendan

Citation

Vos, Rob; Glauber, Joseph W.; Hebebrand, Charlotte; and Rice, Brendan. 2025. Global shocks to fertilizer markets: Impacts on prices, demand and farm profitability. Food Policy 133(May 2025): 102790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102790

Keywords

Shock; Fertilizers; Markets; Prices; Profitability; Global Value Chains; Supply Chain Disruptions

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102790 Source record

Project

Rethinking Food Markets

Record type

Journal Article

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Audio

What kind of financing does agriculture need to create jobs and prevent climate change?

2024Balogun, Ayodeji; Hebebrand, Charlotte; Munene, Fred; Shetty, Shobha
Details

What kind of financing does agriculture need to create jobs and prevent climate change?

It is expected that in 2050 there will be nearly 10 billion people in the world. As the population grows, we will need more farmers to produce more food. But the world’s food system is also a huge contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. This episode discusses how we can support small farmers and enterprises by providing the finance they need to produce food and supporting the jobs of the future, while reducing emissions.

Year published

2024

Authors

Balogun, Ayodeji; Hebebrand, Charlotte; Munene, Fred; Shetty, Shobha

Citation

Balogun, Ayodeji; Hebebrand, Charlotte; Munene, Fred; and Shetty, Shobha. 2024. What kind of financing does agriculture need to create jobs and prevent climate change? Table for 10 Billion Episode 12. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/podcast/2024/12/06/what-kind-of-financing-does-agriculture-need-to-create-jobs-and-prevent-climate-change

Keywords

Farmers; Financing; Agriculture; Climate Change; Population Growth; Food Systems; Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Audio

Resource thumbnail

Book Chapter

Overview and Recent Challenges [In Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor 2024]

2024Odjo, Sunday; Zaki, Chahir; Traoré, Fousseini; Hebebrand, Charlotte
Details

Overview and Recent Challenges [In Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor 2024]

The Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) is an annual flagship publication of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and AKADEMIYA2063. This seventh edition provides an overview of short- and long-term trends and drivers behind Africa’s global trade, intra-African trade, and trade within Africa’s regional economic communities (RECs), with a focus on the nexus of trade and climate change. The six chapters of this 2024 AATM report are as follows. This first chapter offers an overview of the food security concerns in African countries in the wake of the global crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia–Ukraine war, and the global resurgence of protectionist policies. It examines trade through a food security lens, including availability, utilization, accessibility, and stability of food supplies, as well as the effects of tariffs, nontariff measures (NTMs), and deep trade agreements on food security in Africa. Special attention is paid to fertilizers, given the importance of these inputs for agricultural productivity and food security. As a result of Africa’s heavy dependence on fertilizer imports, farmers, and particularly smallholders, were severely challenged in the recent crisis when spikes in international fertilizer prices were compounded by high rates of domestic inflation.

Year published

2024

Authors

Odjo, Sunday; Zaki, Chahir; Traoré, Fousseini; Hebebrand, Charlotte

Citation

Odjo, Sunday; Traoré, Fousseini; Zaki, Chahir; and Hebebrand, Charlotte. 2024. Overview and Recent Challenges. In Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor 2024 , Odjo, Sunday, ed.; Traoré, Fousseini, ed.; and Zaki, Chahir, ed. Chapter 1. Kigali and Washington, DC: AKADEMIYA2063 and International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/151909

Keywords

Africa; Food Security; Policies; Trade; Tariffs; Fertilizers; Agricultural Production

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

Blogs

Global fertilizer trade 2021-2023: What happened after war-related price spikes
IFPRI Blog
 | 
April 05, 2024

Global fertilizer trade 2021-2023: What happened after war-related price spikes

By Charlotte Hebebrand and Joseph Glauber

Impacts of shifting market flows.

Grappling with compounding crises in domestic fertilizer markets in Africa: The case of Ethiopia
IFPRI Blog
 | 
January 16, 2024

Grappling with compounding crises in domestic fertilizer markets in Africa: The case of Ethiopia

By Kibrom Abay, Thomas W. Assefa, Guush Berhane, Gashaw Tadesse Abate, and Charlotte Hebebrand

Local effects of global shocks persist.

Fertilizer policies amid global supply and price shocks
IFPRI Blog
 | 
December 11, 2023

Fertilizer policies amid global supply and price shocks

By Kibrom Abay, Jordan Chamberlin, Pauline Chivenge, Charlotte Hebebrand, and David J. Spielman

Global prices have moderated but many countries still face difficulties.

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Events

2025 Global Food Policy Report | Food Policy: Lessons and Priorities for a Changing World
IFPRI Policy Seminar

 | 

May 28, 2025, 9:00 – 12:30 pm

2025 Global Food Policy Report | Food Policy: Lessons and Priorities for a Changing World

Also streaming on Over the last 50 years, the world’s food systems have evolved tremendously amid major economic, environmental, and social changes. Throughout this period, policy research has played a critical role in providing evidence and analysis to inform decision-making that supports agricultural growth, better livelihoods, and improved food security, nutrition, and well-being for all. […]

IFPRI @ CGIAR Science Week
IFPRI at External Event

 | 

April 7 to 12, 2025

IFPRI @ CGIAR Science Week

When humanity has faced its greatest challenges, science and innovation have provided solutions. Today, major and connected global challenges threaten the sustainability of food, land, and water systems, with the most vulnerable people and communities at greatest risk. Recognizing the urgency of these challenges, CGIAR and the Kenyan Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) are […]

IFPRI @ 29th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP29)
IFPRI at External Event

 | 

November 11 to 22, 2024

IFPRI @ 29th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP29)

IFPRI is pleased to participate in the 29th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP29) being held in Baku, Azerbaijan from November 11 to November 22, 2024. COP29 is a pivotal opportunity to accelerate action to tackle the climate crisis. With global temperatures hitting record highs, and extreme weather events affecting people around the globe. […]

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News

August 10, 2023 | In the News

Russia’s shift to divert fertilizer exports toward China and India raises food security concerns (Nikkei)

Nikkei (Japan) quotes IFPRI’s Director of Communications and Public Affairs Charlotte Hebebrand who noted, “Russia is clearly concerned about fertilizer exports. With rising fertilizer prices and ongoing conflict in Ukraine, securing revenue through exports has become even more crucial.” “According to analysis by IFPRI, the export volumes of urea fertilizer and diammonium phosphate (DAP) from […]

July 23, 2023 | Press Release

IFPRI researchers receive AAEA 2023 Quality of Communication and Publication of Enduring Quality awards

Work on the implications of the Ukraine crisis on food systems and research on trade, food standards, and poverty recognized Washington, D.C. June 24, 2023 – Researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) were recognized today with two prestigious awards from the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA). Joseph Glauber (Senior Research Fellow), David […]

February 24, 2023 | In the News

When the war in Ukraine has consequences in the Global South (Le Devoir) 

The price of DAP fertilizer in Kenya has gone from 2600 shillings per bag in 2019 to 6500 today, motivating the government to subsidize so that farmers pay 3500 writes Le Devoir (France). The aim is to reach some 5 million farmers, but only around 20 percent seem to be receiving subsidized DAP given the difficulties/costs […]

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